Scarborough

Scarborough, Maine, is a town with a rich history that dates back several centuries. Located in Cumberland County, it is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. Here’s a detailed history of Scarborough:

Early History

• Indigenous Inhabitants: Before European settlement, the area that is now Scarborough was inhabited by the Abenaki people. They called the area Owascoag, meaning "a place of much grass," and it was primarily used for fishing and hunting.

• European Settlement: Scarborough was first settled by Europeans in the early 1630s. The area was originally populated by fishermen and traders. The town was named after Scarborough, England.

Colonial Period

• Incorporation: Scarborough was officially incorporated in 1658. The area saw growth due to its strategic location and resources, including timber and fertile land for agriculture.

• Conflicts: The early settlers faced numerous conflicts with the native populations, notably during King Philip’s War (1675–1678) and King William’s War (1689–1697). These conflicts led to the temporary abandonment of the town.

18th and 19th Centuries

• Re-establishment: The town was resettled in the early 18th century. The economy during this period was largely based on agriculture, fishing, and shipbuilding.

• Revolutionary War: Scarborough, like much of New England, was involved in the American Revolutionary War. Local militias participated in various campaigns, and the town contributed resources to the war effort.

• 19th Century Development: With the Industrial Revolution, Scarborough saw some industrial development, but it remained largely an agricultural community. The coming of the railroad in the mid-19th century helped stimulate local commerce and connectivity.

20th Century to Present

• Suburban Growth: Post-World War II, Scarborough began to transition from a rural town to a suburban community. Its proximity to Portland made it an attractive location for residential development.

• Conservation and Development: The late 20th century saw a focus on balancing development with conservation. Scarborough Marsh, Maine’s largest saltwater marsh, became a protected area, emphasizing the town's commitment to preserving natural habitats.

Significant Landmarks

• Scarborough Marsh: This is a significant ecological area managed by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. It offers opportunities for bird watching, kayaking, and educational programs.

• Winslow Homer's Studio: Located on Prouts Neck, this studio was used by the famous American painter Winslow Homer. It is a focal point for art history enthusiasts and is managed by the Portland Museum of Art.

• Black Point Inn: A historic hotel on Prouts Neck, the Black Point Inn has been a landmark since the late 19th century, attracting visitors with its scenic views and historic charm.

Notable Figures

• Winslow Homer: Although not originally from Scarborough, Homer spent much of his later life there. His work is celebrated for its depiction of the Maine coast, and he remains a significant figure in American art.

Scarborough continues to be a thriving community, balancing suburban growth with the preservation of its historical and natural resources.