Reggio di Calabria

Reggio di Calabria, commonly referred to as Reggio Calabria, is a city located in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is the largest and oldest city in Calabria and has a rich history that spans several millennia, marked by various cultural influences and significant events.

Ancient History

• Foundation and Greek Influence (8th Century BC): Reggio di Calabria was founded by Greek settlers from Chalcis in Euboea around 730 BC. Known as Rhegion in ancient times, it became an important Greek colony and a center of trade and culture in Magna Graecia.
• Classical Period: Rhegion flourished during the classical period, known for its strategic location on the Strait of Messina. It was famous for its production of wine and olive oil and became a significant player in the Mediterranean trade networks.

Roman and Byzantine Periods

• Roman Era (3rd Century BC): Reggio came under Roman control in the 3rd century BC, following the Pyrrhic War. It became a Roman municipium and later a colonia. The city prospered under Roman rule, retaining its importance as a commercial hub.
• Byzantine Rule (6th-11th Centuries): After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Reggio was incorporated into the Byzantine Empire. It became the capital of the Duchy of Calabria, playing a vital role in the region's administration and military defense.

Medieval and Renaissance Periods

• Arab and Norman Conquests: Reggio faced numerous invasions, including Arab raids. In 1060, the Normans, led by Robert Guiscard and Roger I, conquered the city, incorporating it into the Kingdom of Sicily.
• Swabian and Angevin Dynasties: The city experienced further changes in control, coming under the rule of the Swabians and then the Angevins. During these periods, Reggio was rebuilt and fortified, but also suffered from political instability and conflict.

Modern Era

• Spanish and Bourbon Rule: Reggio was part of the Spanish Empire and later the Bourbon Kingdom of Naples. The city was affected by various European conflicts and internal strife.
• 19th Century and Italian Unification: Reggio played a role in the Risorgimento, the movement for Italian unification. It became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

20th Century to Present

• Earthquake of 1908: One of the most devastating events in Reggio's history was the 1908 earthquake, which, along with a subsequent tsunami, destroyed much of the city and caused significant loss of life.
• World War II: Reggio was strategically important during World War II and was subjected to heavy bombing by Allied forces.

Significant Landmarks

• Bronzi di Riace (Riace Bronzes): These famous ancient Greek bronze statues are housed in the National Archaeological Museum of Reggio Calabria. They are considered masterpieces of classical Greek art.
• Aragonese Castle: The Norman-era castle was rebuilt by the Aragonese in the 15th century and stands as a symbol of the city's history.
• Cathedral of Reggio Calabria: Originally built in the Byzantine era and rebuilt several times, the current structure dates from the early 20th century following the 1908 earthquake.
• Lungomare Falcomatà: Often referred to as "Italy's most beautiful kilometer," this waterfront promenade offers stunning views of the Strait of Messina and is lined with historic buildings and palms.

Notable Figures

• Ibycus (6th Century BC): An ancient Greek poet from Rhegion, known for his lyric poetry.
• Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639): A philosopher and poet born near Reggio who wrote extensively about political theory and utopian thought.

Reggio di Calabria's rich historical tapestry is evident in its architecture, culture, and enduring significance as a Mediterranean city.