Mesa

Mesa, Arizona, is a city with a rich history that reflects the broader story of the American Southwest. Situated in Maricopa County, Mesa is part of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area and is one of the largest suburban cities in the United States. Here is a detailed history of Mesa:

Early History and Founding

• Prehistoric Period: The area that is now Mesa was originally inhabited by the Hohokam people, who are known for constructing an extensive network of irrigation canals, some of which are still in use today. The Hohokam thrived in the region from approximately AD 1 to 1450.

• 19th Century: After the decline of the Hohokam, the area saw little settlement until the mid-19th century. In 1878, a group of Mormon pioneers from Utah, led by Daniel Webster Jones, arrived in the Salt River Valley. They established the first settlement, called Jonesville or Lehi, near what is now the northeastern part of Mesa.

• Founding of Mesa: In 1878, another group of Mormon settlers led by Charles I. Robson and Francis Martin Pomeroy arrived. They laid out a town site on a mesa above the river, which they called “Mesa City.” The name "Mesa" comes from the Spanish word for "table," referring to the tableland or plateau on which the city was initially founded.

Development and Growth

• Early 20th Century: The introduction of the railroad in the late 19th century spurred growth, as it provided a means to transport goods and people. Mesa's economy in the early 20th century was largely based on agriculture, with cotton, citrus, and other crops being predominant.

• Post-War Boom: After World War II, Mesa experienced significant growth as part of the larger post-war boom in Arizona. The establishment of Williams Air Force Base in 1941 (now Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport) contributed to the city’s economy and development.

Significant Events and Figures

• 1960s-1970s: Mesa continued to grow rapidly during the second half of the 20th century, with residential neighborhoods sprawling outward from the city center.

• Notable Figures: Some historical figures associated with Mesa include Charles H. Kirkland, the first mayor of Mesa, and Wilford W. “Bill” Bailey, who was instrumental in the development of the city’s infrastructure during his tenure as mayor from 1950 to 1952.

Landmarks and Cultural Institutions

• Mesa Grande Cultural Park: This site preserves a Hohokam platform mound which dates back over a thousand years. It is an important archaeological site that offers insights into the ancient inhabitants of the region.

• Arizona Museum of Natural History: Located in downtown Mesa, this museum features exhibits on the natural and cultural history of the Southwest.

• Mesa Arts Center: Opened in 2005, the Mesa Arts Center is the largest comprehensive arts campus in Arizona, featuring theaters, art galleries, and studios.

• Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Dedicated in 1927, the Mesa Arizona Temple is one of the oldest LDS temples in the United States and plays a significant role in the city’s cultural landscape.

Modern Era

Today, Mesa is a thriving city with a diverse population and a strong economy based on education, healthcare, and technology. It is home to several higher education institutions, including Arizona State University's Polytechnic campus and Mesa Community College.

Mesa’s growth and development continue to reflect its historical roots and its strategic importance within the Phoenix Metropolitan Area.