Evansville

Evansville, Indiana, is a city with a rich history that dates back to its founding in the early 19th century. Below is a detailed history of Evansville, including significant events, historical figures, and important landmarks.

Early History and Founding

• Founding: Evansville was founded in 1812 and incorporated in 1817. It was named after Colonel Robert Morgan Evans, an officer in the War of 1812 and a local landowner.
• Early Growth: The city grew rapidly due to its strategic location on a bend of the Ohio River, which made it a natural hub for trade and transportation.

19th Century

• Wabash and Erie Canal: In the mid-1800s, Evansville became the southern terminus of the Wabash and Erie Canal, which was the longest canal in the United States. This greatly enhanced its position as a trading center.
• Railroads: The arrival of railroads in the latter half of the 19th century further boosted the city's economy and growth, connecting it to other major cities and markets.
• Civil War: During the Civil War, Evansville was an important supply base for the Union Army. Camp Morton, a Union Army camp, was located in the city.

20th Century

• Industrial Expansion: The early 20th century saw Evansville become an industrial powerhouse, producing goods such as furniture, pharmaceuticals, and automobiles.
• World War II: In World War II, Evansville was a significant center for manufacturing, particularly producing LST (Landing Ship, Tank) vessels for the war effort. The city produced a significant percentage of the nation's munitions.
• Post-war Era: After the war, Evansville continued to diversify its industrial base, developing a strong economy based on manufacturing, trade, and services.

Significant Events

• Ohio River Flood of 1937: One of the most devastating floods in the history of the United States, it inundated much of Evansville and led to a significant rebuilding effort.
• Desegregation: Like many American cities, Evansville experienced social changes during the Civil Rights Movement, including the desegregation of schools and public facilities.

Historical Figures

• Colonel Robert Morgan Evans: The city's namesake, an influential figure in its early development.
• Benjamin Bosse: Mayor from 1914 to 1922, Bosse was a pivotal figure in modernizing the city and promoting public works and infrastructure development.
• Albion Fellows Bacon: A noted social reformer from Evansville who advocated for housing reform and child welfare.

Important Landmarks

• Willard Library: Built in 1885, it is the oldest public library building in Indiana and is known for its beautiful Gothic Revival architecture.
• Reitz Home Museum: A Victorian house museum that is one of the finest examples of French Second Empire architecture in the United States.
• Mesker Park Zoo and Botanic Garden: Established in 1928, it is one of the oldest and largest zoos in the state.
• Angel Mounds State Historic Site: Located just east of the city, it is one of the best-preserved prehistoric Native American sites in the United States, dating back to the Mississippian culture (circa 1000-1450 AD).

Modern Era

• Economic Transition: In recent decades, Evansville has continued to evolve, focusing on sectors like healthcare, education, and retail.
• University of Evansville and University of Southern Indiana: These institutions have become central to the city's culture and economy, contributing to its educational and cultural landscape.

Evansville, Indiana, continues to be a vibrant city with a rich history reflecting its strategic location and industrial prowess.