Dover

Dover, New Hampshire, is one of the oldest permanent settlements in New England, with a rich history that dates back to the early 17th century.

Early History

• Founding: Dover was originally settled in 1623, making it the seventh oldest community in the United States. It was established as a fish and trading settlement by Englishmen Edward Hilton and William Hilton, who were seeking to exploit the region's rich natural resources.
• Indigenous Peoples: Prior to European settlement, the area was inhabited by Native American tribes, primarily the Abenaki. Interactions between the settlers and Native Americans were significant, though often marked by conflict and tension.

Colonial Era

• Development: In the 1630s, the settlement began to grow, and it became known as "Northam" before being permanently named Dover in 1637.
• Cochecho Massacre: A notable and tragic event in Dover's early history occurred in 1689, known as the Cochecho Massacre. This was part of King William's War, where Native Americans, in retaliation for earlier conflicts over land and resources, attacked the settlement, resulting in the deaths and capture of several residents.

18th and 19th Centuries

• Industrial Growth: Dover emerged as an important industrial center in the 19th century. The Cocheco Manufacturing Company, established in 1827, became a major textile producer. The Cocheco River provided the necessary water power for mills, and the town grew with the influx of immigrant workers.
• Transport: The arrival of the railroad in the mid-19th century further spurred industrial growth. Dover became a transportation hub, facilitating trade and commerce.

20th Century to Present

• Economic Shifts: Like many New England towns, Dover experienced economic shifts throughout the 20th century. The decline of the textile industry led to economic challenges, but the town diversified into other sectors over time.
• Education and Culture: Dover is home to the Woodman Institute Museum, established in 1916, which preserves the town’s history and heritage. It has become an important educational and cultural resource.

Notable Figures

• John Wentworth: One of the most notable figures associated with Dover is John Wentworth, a colonial governor of New Hampshire in the 18th century. His family played a significant role in the region's development.

Important Landmarks

• Woodman Institute Museum: This museum includes historical buildings and collections that reflect the area's history, from colonial times to the present.
• St. Thomas Episcopal Church: Built in the 19th century, it is an example of Gothic Revival architecture and an important community landmark.
• Cochecho Falls: The falls remain a central feature of the town, reflecting its industrial past.

Dover continues to be a vibrant community that respects its historical roots while looking towards the future. Its blend of history, culture, and industry makes it a unique and significant location in New Hampshire.