Altamura

Altamura is a town in the Apulia (Puglia) region of southern Italy, known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and significant landmarks. Here is a detailed history of Altamura:

Ancient History

• Prehistoric Era: The area around Altamura has been inhabited since prehistoric times. One of the most significant archaeological discoveries is the "Altamura Man," a well-preserved Neanderthal skeleton found in the nearby Lamalunga Cave, dating back over 130,000 years.
• Classical Antiquity: During the classical period, the area was part of Magna Graecia and later came under Roman influence. The town's name, "Altamura," is believed to derive from the Latin "Alta Murus," meaning "high wall," indicating early fortifications.

Medieval Period

• Founding of the Town: The official founding of Altamura is attributed to the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in 1232. He established the town as part of his efforts to strengthen his control over southern Italy. Frederick II granted Altamura special privileges, making it an important center for commerce and agriculture.
• Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta: One of the most significant landmarks from this period is the Altamura Cathedral, constructed in 1232. It is a prime example of Apulian Romanesque architecture, later modified with Gothic elements.

Renaissance and Early Modern Period

• Cultural Development: During the Renaissance, Altamura became a cultural and intellectual hub. The establishment of the "University of Altamura" in 1748 by Charles III of Bourbon, King of Naples, was a significant event. Although it was more of an academy than a modern university, it fostered education and intellectual discourse.
• Baroque Architecture: The town saw the construction of several Baroque-style buildings, including churches and palaces, during this time. These structures contribute to Altamura's architectural heritage.

19th Century to Present

• Unification of Italy: Altamura was involved in the events leading up to the unification of Italy in the 19th century. The town played a role in the Risorgimento, the movement for Italian unification.
• Economic and Cultural Growth: In the 20th century, Altamura experienced economic growth, particularly in agriculture and food production. The town is famous for its Altamura bread, a traditional product recognized for its quality and protected by EU law.
• Modern Developments: Today, Altamura is a vibrant community that balances its rich history with modern development. The town attracts tourists due to its historical sites and natural beauty.

Important Landmarks

• Altamura Cathedral: As mentioned, this is one of the most important religious structures in the region, known for its stunning architecture and historical significance.
• Megaltihic Walls: Remnants of ancient walls that once protected the town, showcasing its strategic importance through history.
• Palazzo Viti: An example of the Baroque architecture from the town's prosperous past.
• Museo Archeologico Statale: This museum houses many archaeological finds from the area, including artifacts that illustrate the region's prehistoric and classical history.

Notable Figures

• Federico II (Frederick II): Holy Roman Emperor who founded the town and significantly influenced its early development.

Altamura continues to be a key cultural and historical site in the Apulia region, celebrated for its contributions to Italian heritage and its unique blend of historical influences.